When troops of two enemy nations meet a battle will occur. If both armies are small, or one side is smaller than the other, then a Mathematical Battle will take place. However, if both sides are large then a full-scale Simulated Battle will be fought, when both players will have the opportunity to plan their troops' movement and strategy on the battlefield.
Notes:
Mathematical battles take place at the end of movement section -18- and before section -19-, so more of your forces can move in later movement orders into a co-ordinate where you expect a battle to occur, and all your forces will then join in the battle. Of course, your opponent could also do the same...
Only mathematical battles, not simulated, will be generated against Dead Empires.
Two countries who are allied will not fight together against a common enemy. Only one of the two countries will fight, and that is decided randomly.
Example:
If Holland and France are allied, and their armies meet their common enemy Spain on a co-ordinate, either Holland or France will fight Spain - the other country will do nothing (see 6.4.1.6., p50) . The only time that two countries will fight together is during a sea battle, when their fleets will combine to fight a common enemy (see 8. Sea Battles., p101).
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